Rumelhart, Hinton & Williams, Learning representations by back-propagating errors, Nature 1986 · Eq. 8–9, p. 535

Momentum & Ravine DynamicsChanging the velocity of the point in weight space, not its position

t 0

Error surface

● plain descent, α = 0● momentum
drag to orbit · scroll to zoom · click the surface to drop both particles there

Velocity across and along the valley last 250 steps

The race